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NEW YORK: For nearly a decade, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has been using science to warn about ever more dangerous climate change in increasingly urgent tones. Now he’s enlisting something seemingly more important to the world’s powerful: Money.

In an exclusive interview with The Associated Press, Guterres hailed the power of market forces in what he repeatedly called “a battle” to save the planet.

He pointed to two new UN reports showing the plummeting cost of solar and wind power and the growing generation and capacity of those green energy sources. He warned those who cling to fossil fuels that they could go broke doing it.

“Science and the economy show the way,” Guterres said in a 20-minute interview in his 38th-floor conference room overlooking the New York skyline. “What we need is the political will to take the decisions that are necessary in regulatory frameworks, in financial aspects, in other policy dimensions. Governments need to take decisions not to be an obstacle to the natural trend to accelerate the renewables transition.”

That means by the end of the autumn, governments need to come up with new plans to fight climate change that are compatible with the global goal of limiting warming and ones that apply to their entire economy and include all greenhouse gases, Guterres said.

But don’t expect one from the United States. President Donald Trump has pulled out of the landmark Paris climate agreement, slashed efforts to boost renewable energy and made fossil fuels a priority, including the dirtiest one in terms of climate and health, coal.

“Obviously, the (Trump) administration in itself is an obstacle, but there are others. The government in the US doesn’t control everything,” Guterres said. Sure, Trump pulled out of the Paris accord, but many states and cities are trying to live up to the Biden administration’s climate-saving goals by reducing the burning of coal, oil and natural gas that release heat-trapping gases, Guterres said.

Invest in fossil fuels, risk stranded assets?

“People do not want to lose money. People do not want to make investments in what will become stranded assets,” Guterres said. “And I believe that even in the United States, we will go on seeing a reduction of emissions, I have no doubt about it.”

He said any new investments in exploring for new fossil fuel deposits “will be totally lost” and called them “just a waste of money.”

“I’m perfectly convinced that we will never be able, in the history of humankind, to spend all the oil and gas that was already discovered,” Guterres said.

But amid the hope of the renewable reports, Guterres said the world is still losing its battle on climate change, in danger of permanently passing 1.5 degree Celsius (2.7 degree Fahrenheit) warming since preindustrial times. That threshold is what the Paris agreement set up as a hoped-for global limit to warming 10 years ago.

Many scientists have already pronounced the 1.5 threshold dead. Indeed, 2024 passed that mark, though scientists say it requires a 20-year average, not a single year, to consider the threshold breached.

A scientific study from researchers who often work with the UN last month said the world is spewing so much carbon dioxide that sometime in early 2028, a couple years earlier than once predicted, passing the 1.5 mark will become scientifically inevitable.

Guterres: ‘We need to go on fighting’ even as it looks bleak

Guterres hasn’t given up on the 1.5 degree goal yet, though he said it looks bad.

“We see the acceleration of different aspects of climate change, rising seas, glaciers melting, heat waves, storms of different kinds,” he said.

“We need to go on fighting,” he said. “I think we are on the right side of history.”

Guterres, who spoke to AP after addressing the UN Security Council on the Israeli occupation of Gaza, said there’s only one way to solve that seemingly intractable issue: An immediate ceasefire, a release of all remaining hostages, access for humanitarian relief and “paving the way for a serious political process leading to the two-state solution. Some people say the two-state solution is now becoming extremely difficult. Even some saying it’s impossible. But the question is, what is the alternative?”

Gaza, Ukraine and Sudan are all crises, Guterres said, but climate change is an existential problem for the entire planet. And he said people don’t realize how climate-caused droughts and extreme weather can feed poverty and terrorism. He pointed to the Sahel as an example.

“We see that people live in worse and worse conditions, less and less capacity to grow their crops, less and less capital,” he said. “And this is largely due to climate change.”

“Everything is interlinked: Climate change, artificial intelligence, geopolitical divides, the problems of inequality and injustice,” Guterres said. “And we need to make sure that we make progress in all of them at the same time.”

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi signed on Thursday a long-awaited free trade agreement with the UK, which will see tariffs cut on goods and increase market access for both countries.

Modi arrived in London on Wednesday evening to meet his British counterpart Keir Starmer and witness the official signing of the deal by India’s Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal and UK Business Secretary Jonathan Reynolds in the Great Hall of Chequers in Aylesbury.

“This agreement is not merely an economic partnership, but a plan for shared prosperity. On one hand, Indian textiles, footwear, gems and jewelry, seafood and engineering goods will get better market access in the UK. New opportunities will be created in the UK market for India’s agriculture produce and processed food industry,” Modi said during a joint press conference with Starmer.

“For India’s youth, farmers, fishermen, and the MSME sector, this agreement will prove especially beneficial. On the other hand, for the people and industry of India, products made in the UK, such as medical devices and aerospace parts, will become available at accessible and affordable prices.”

A deal-in-principle was announced by Modi and Starmer in late May.

Launched in January 2022, the FTA negotiations between India and the UK were set to conclude the same year, but despite more than a dozen formal rounds, talks have stalled over issues such as tariffs, rules of origin and mobility for services professionals.

Under the new pact, about 99 percent of Indian goods will get duty-free access to the UK market.

It will also halve import duties on UK-produced whiskey and gin from 150 percent, followed by a further decrease to 40 percent in a decade. Tariffs on automobiles will be reduced from 100 percent to 10 percent.

The services part of the deal eases the movement of professionals — from independent practitioners such as yoga instructors, musicians and chefs, to business visitors, investors, contractual service providers and intra-corporate transferees. It also extends work and residence rights to their partners and dependent children

While the pact’s opponents cited concerns that it could undercut British workers, Starmer said after its signing that it “will bring huge benefits to both of our countries, boosting wages, raising living standards and putting more money in the pockets of working people” and that it “is good for jobs, it is good for business, putting tariffs and making trade cheaper, quicker and easier.”

Current bilateral India-UK trade stands at about $54 billion, according to UK Department for Business and Trade data, with UK exports to India estimated at $21.7 billion and imports at $32.4 billion.

Anupam Manur, professor of economics at the Takshashila Institution, told Arab News that the FTA is expected to increase it by more than 60 percent in the next decade.

“The free trade deal with the UK is extremely significant for India, which would result in a $34 billion boost in bilateral trade,” he said.

“From India’s point of view, it stands to gain on both counts; greater choice of products at lower prices due to lower import rates, and free market access to a large, advanced economy.”

India has free trade agreements with more than 10 countries, including Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreements with South Korea, Japan and the UAE.

It is also in talks with the EU to conclude an FTA by the end of 2025, and with Australia, with an interim deal signed in 2022 and a full one under negotiation.

At the same time, the US is threatening tariffs on India; it wants broader access to several key sectors, including agriculture, automobiles, steel and aluminium — a concession New Delhi resists. Without a deal, Indian exports could face a 26-27 percent “reciprocal” tariff imposed by President Donald Trump’s administration, starting Aug. 1.

“The trade deal with the UK eases the pressure on the Indian side to sign a hastily negotiated deal with the US ... This also acts as a template for how a good trade deal is done without looming deadlines and threats,” Manur said.

“A trade deal with the UK, Australia and the EU will signal to the US administration that India is not desperate for a deal, but will instead negotiate on its own terms.”