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Wetlands offer a guide to our environmental health 

Wetlands offer a guide to our environmental health 

Wetlands offer a guide to our environmental health 
A view of Khurais, a biodiverse wetland established by Aramco alongside its operating facilities. (Aramco photo)
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Freshwater ecosystems around the world are under intense pressure owing to a warming climate, pollution and declining biodiversity. Indeed, some 35 percent of wetland areas were lost between 1970 and 2015 — a rate three times faster than deforestation.

Of the remaining wetland habitats, 65 percent are deemed to be at moderate to high risk, while 37 percent of the world’s rivers that stretch more than 1,000 km are no longer free flowing throughout their entire length.

Freshwater habitats support more than 10 percent of all known species, including approximately a third of vertebrates and half of all fish, despite covering less than 1 percent of the Earth’s surface.

This diversity of life contributes to the cycling of nutrients, flood control and climate change mitigation, offers a bioindicator of wetland quality, and supports the culture and livelihoods of billions of people worldwide.

Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly degraded by pollution and land conversion for agricultural purposes, water extraction and the construction of dams, which also block fish migration routes.

Overfishing and the introduction of invasive alien species have also played a notably significant role in driving extinctions.

For more than 20 years, extinction risk assessments of bird, amphibian and mammal species from the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species have been crucial for tracking biodiversity trends and informing conservation policies. 

However, freshwater fish and invertebrates have received minimal attention or investment from the conservation community.

Consequently, recent target-setting for freshwater systems has primarily concentrated on abiotic hydrological measures, such as water use and quality. This reliance assumes that terrestrial species data can effectively represent freshwater species.

Freshwater fish and invertebrates have received minimal attention or investment from the conservation community.

Hany Tatwany

However, evidence shows this approach is often inadequate, especially when the surrogate species are from different environmental realms. Furthermore, the validity of using abiotic surrogates for assessing freshwater biodiversity remains largely untested.

Until recently, freshwater habitats have not been given the same priority as their terrestrial and marine counterparts in global environmental governance and have often been included within either terrestrial or marine systems despite evidence of their distinct management needs.

For example, the UN Sustainable Development Goals primarily focus on terrestrial and marine biomes, even though freshwater species are vital to achieving these goals.

As nature’s contributions to people, known as NCP, are integrated into conservation policies, management and sustainability frameworks, it is essential to recognize that the role of wildlife remains significantly underrepresented in the scientific understanding underpinning these efforts.

Aligning existing evidence with the NCP conceptual framework will demonstrate that wildlife directly supports human well-being, from providing ecosystem services and addressing climate change to combating food insecurity.

The contributions of wildlife to people, known as WCP, refer to these benefits. Unfortunately, existing knowledge gaps pose a risk that undermines our policy and management initiatives, preventing us from meeting our NCP, biodiversity and sustainability goals.

Enhancing wildlife monitoring and modelling is essential for understanding WCP in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Addressing taxonomic, geographic and cultural biases in research is equally important.

These actions will help align biodiversity protection with NCP policies, fostering sustainable relationships with nature and balancing environmental protection with human well-being. In the process, we can rescue our wetlands from oblivion.

Hany Tatwany is a highly knowledgeable conservationist with more than 38 years of experience in biodiversity conservation.

 

Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point of view

Trump calls for using US cities as ‘training ground’ for military in unusual speech to generals

Trump calls for using US cities as ‘training ground’ for military in unusual speech to generals
Updated 20 min 20 sec ago

Trump calls for using US cities as ‘training ground’ for military in unusual speech to generals

Trump calls for using US cities as ‘training ground’ for military in unusual speech to generals
  • “We should use some of these dangerous cities as training grounds for our military,” Trump says

QUANTICO, Virginia: President Donald Trump on Tuesday proposed using American cities as training grounds for the armed forces and spoke of needing US military might to combat what he called the “invasion from within.”
Addressing an audience of military brass abruptly summoned to Virginia, Trump outlined a muscular and at times norm-shattering view of the military’s role in domestic affairs. He was joined by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, who declared an end to “woke” culture and announced new directives for troops that include “gender-neutral” or “male-level” standards for physical fitness.
The dual messages underscored the Trump administration’s efforts not only to reshape contemporary Pentagon culture but to enlist military resources for the president’s priorities and decidedly domestic purposes, including quelling unrest and violent crime.
“We should use some of these dangerous cities as training grounds for our military,” Trump said. He noted at another point: “We’re under invasion from within. No different than a foreign enemy but more difficult in many ways because they don’t wear uniforms.”
Hegseth called hundreds of military leaders and their top advisers from around the world to the Marine Corps base in Quantico without publicly revealing the reason. His address largely focused on long-used talking points that painted a picture of a military that has been hamstrung by “woke” policies, and he said military leaders should “do the honorable thing and resign” if they don’t like his new approach.
Though meetings between military brass and civilian leaders are nothing new, this gathering had fueled intense speculation about its purpose given the haste with which it was called and the mystery surrounding it. The fact that admirals and generals from conflict zones were summoned for a lecture on race and gender in the military showed the extent to which the country’s culture wars have become a front-and-center agenda item for Hegseth’s Pentagon, even at a time of broad national security concerns across the globe.
‘We will not be politically correct’
Trump is accustomed to boisterous crowds of supporters who laugh at his jokes and applaud his boasting. But he wasn’t getting that kind of soundtrack from the military leaders in attendance.
In keeping with the nonpartisan tradition of the armed services, the military leaders sat mostly stone-faced through Trump’s politicized remarks, a contrast from when rank-and-file soldiers cheered during Trump’s speech at Fort Bragg this summer.
Trump encouraged the audience at the outset of his speech to applaud as they wished. He then added, “If you don’t like what I’m saying, you can leave the room — of course, there goes your rank, there goes your future.” Some in the crowd laughed.
Before Trump took the stage, Hegseth said in his nearly hourlong speech that the military has promoted too many leaders for the wrong reasons, based on race, gender quotas and “historic firsts.”
“The era of politically correct, overly sensitive don’t-hurt-anyone’s-feelings leadership ends right now at every level,” Hegseth said.
That was echoed by Trump: “The purposes of America military is not to protect anyone’s feelings. It’s to protect our republic.″
″We will not be politically correct when it comes to defending American freedom,” Trump said.
Sen. Jack Reed, the top Democrat on the Senate Armed Services Committee, called the meeting “an expensive, dangerous dereliction of leadership” by the Trump administration.
“Even more troubling was Mr. Hegseth’s ultimatum to America’s senior officers: conform to his political worldview or step aside,” Reed said in a statement, calling it a “profoundly dangerous” demand.
Trump’s use of the military on American soil
Trump has already tested the limits of a nearly 150-year-old federal law, the Posse Comitatus Act, that restricts the military’s role in enforcing domestic laws.
He has sent National Guard and active duty Marines to Los Angeles, threatened to do the same to combat crime and illegal immigration in other Democratic-led cities, including Portland and Chicago, and surged troops to the US-Mexico border.
National Guard members are generally exempt from the law since they are under state authority and controlled by governors.
But the law does apply to them when they’re “federalized” and put under the president’s control, as happened in Los Angeles over the Democratic governor’s objections.
Trump said the armed forces also should focus on the Western Hemisphere, boasting about carrying out military strikes on boats in the Caribbean that he says targeted drug traffickers.
Loosening disciplinary rules
Hegseth said he is easing disciplinary rules and weakening hazing protections, focusing on removing many of the guardrails the military had put in place after numerous scandals and investigations.
He also said he was ordering a review of “the department’s definitions of so-called toxic leadership, bullying and hazing to empower leaders to enforce standards without fear of retribution or second guessing.”
He called for changes to “allow leaders with forgivable, earnest or minor infractions to not be encumbered by those infractions in perpetuity.”
“People make honest mistakes, and our mistakes should not define an entire career,” Hegseth said.
Bullying and toxic leadership have been the suspected and confirmed causes behind numerous military suicides over the past several years, including of Brandon Caserta, a young sailor who was bullied into killing himself in 2018.
A Navy investigation found that Caserta’s supervisor’s “noted belligerence, vulgarity and brash leadership was likely a significant contributing factor in (the sailor)’s decision to end his own life.”
Gender-neutral physical standards
Hegseth used the platform to slam environmental policies and transgender troops while talking up a focus on “the warrior ethos.”
The Pentagon has been told from previous administrations that “our diversity is our strength,” Hegseth said, calling that an “insane fallacy.”
Hegseth said the military will ensure “every designated combat arms position returns to the highest male standard.” He has issued directives for gender-neutral physical standards in previous memos, though specific combat, special operations, infantry, armor, pararescue and other jobs already require everyone to meet the same standards regardless of age or gender. The military services were trying to determine next steps and what, if anything, may need to change.
Hegseth said it is not about preventing women from serving.
“But when it comes to any job that requires physical power to perform in combat, those physical standards must be high and gender neutral,” he said. “If women can make it excellent, if not, it is what it is. If that means no women qualify for some combat jobs, so be it. That is not the intent, but it could be the result.”
Sen. Joni Ernst, an Iowa Republican who served in the Iraq War, said Hegseth was “appropriate” in suggesting that women should be expected to meet certain standards for the military.
“I’m not worried about that,” Ernst said. “There should be a same set of standards for combat arms. I think that’s what he probably was referring to.”
But Janessa Goldbeck, who served in the Marines and is now CEO of the Vet Voice Foundation, said Hegseth’s speech was more about “stoking grievance than strengthening the force.”
Hegseth “has a cartoonish, 1980s comic-book idea of toughness he’s never outgrown,” she said. “Instead of focusing on what actually improves force readiness, he continues to waste time and tax-payer dollars on He-Man culture-war theatrics.”
Hegseth’s speech came as the country faces a potential government shutdown this week and as he has taken several unusual and unexplained actions, including ordering cuts to the number of general officers and firings of other top military leaders.


Griezmann scores 200th Atletico goal in 5-1 win over Frankfurt

Griezmann scores 200th Atletico goal in 5-1 win over Frankfurt
Updated 01 October 2025

Griezmann scores 200th Atletico goal in 5-1 win over Frankfurt

Griezmann scores 200th Atletico goal in 5-1 win over Frankfurt
  • Griezmann eventually reached his milestone with a strike from close range in first-half stoppage time, celebrating with an Atletico shirt bearing “200” on the back as the club’s record goalscorer

MADRID: Antoine Griezmann scored his 200th goal for Atletico Madrid as they secured their first Champions League win of the season with a 5-1 home victory over Eintracht Frankfurt on Tuesday after Julian Alvarez also netted twice.
Playing without suspended manager Diego Simeone after his red card in their 3-2 opening defeat at Liverpool, Atletico took charge from the start, buoyed by a fervent home crowd still celebrating Saturday’s 5-2 derby thrashing of Real Madrid.
Atletico opened the scoring after four minutes through Giacomo Raspadori, who capitalized on a loose ball in the box after the defense failed to clear an Alvarez effort from a Giuliano Simeone cross, leaving the former Napoli striker unmarked at the edge of the six-yard box.
Griezmann missed a gilt-edged chance midway through the first half, slicing a volley from close range and immediately falling to his knees in disbelief.
But Robin Le Normand extended Atletico’s lead in the 32nd minute, firing home the rebound after Griezmann’s back-heeled effort from a corner was saved.
Griezmann eventually reached his milestone with a strike from close range in first-half stoppage time, celebrating with an Atletico shirt bearing “200” on the back as the club’s record goalscorer.
Alvarez provided the assist with a brilliant run past two defenders before serving the ball on a plate for the French forward to score.
Frankfurt threatened a comeback when Jonathan Burkhardt’s deflected effort wrongfooted keeper Jan Oblak in the 57th minute but Giuliano Simeone restored a three-goal cushion with a clever near-post header from a corner two minutes after Griezmann had a second goal ruled out for handball in the build-up.
Alvarez completed the rout in the 82nd minute, chipping home a penalty after VAR spotted a handball by Robin Koch that the referee initially missed, sealing a comprehensive victory that sets up a mouth-watering clash at Arsenal in three weeks’ time.
“I have enjoyed a lot this evening, it’s a great feeling. I’m very proud to have reached the 200-goal mark,” Griezmann told Movistar Plus. “It’s been tough but together we’ve managed to achieve it.
“The team is in good form. The comeback against Rayo (Vallecano in a 3-2 LaLiga win last Wednesday) did us good. We’re on a roll and we have to keep it up. We’re pressing hard, being aggressive and setting a fast pace for the game.
“That’s our strength, our style of football, and we have to keep it up. We want to score goals and not concede. We always want more.”


Kane shines again as Bayern cruise past Pafos in Champions League

Kane shines again as Bayern cruise past Pafos in Champions League
Updated 01 October 2025

Kane shines again as Bayern cruise past Pafos in Champions League

Kane shines again as Bayern cruise past Pafos in Champions League
  • The result made it two wins from two in the league phase for Bayern following their 3-1 win at home to Premier League side Chelsea on matchday one, in which Kane netted twice

PAPHOS, Cyprus: Harry Kane continued his rich goalscoring form with a brace and Nicolas Jackson scored his first Bayern Munich goal in a 5-1 win at Pafos in the Champions League on Tuesday.
The result made it two wins from two in the league phase for Bayern following their 3-1 win at home to Premier League side Chelsea on matchday one, in which Kane netted twice.
“We struggled away from home in the league phase last season,” Kane told German TV, calling the match “a good away win.”
“I’m going into games with confidence, knowing I’ll get my chances. Scored a couple more goals today, I’m happy with that,” he added.
Having set the record for the fastest man to 100 goals in a top-five league on Friday, doing so from 104 games, Kane was quick to get on the scoresheet, sliding the ball in with 14 minutes played.
Raphael Guerreiro got in on the action six minutes later, before Jackson added a third for the visitors on the 31st-minute mark.
The goal was Jackson’s first since joining on a season-long loan from Chelsea in the summer.
Not known for his dribbling, Kane took the ball past the Pafos defense down the left flank and hammered in with 34 minutes played. The goal was Kane’s 17th in nine games in all competitions for Bayern this season.
Pafos needed a stunner to pull one back just before half-time when Mislav Orsic unleashed a dipping rocket from outside the box, the club’s first-ever Champions League goal.
With 21 minutes remaining, Bayern’s Michael Olize rewarded himself with a goal, knocking in from a tight angle after Jackson shot straight at the goalkeeper.
The score was a fortunate reflection of the night for the Cypriot side, with Bayern hitting the woodwork three times.
The defending German champions have now won nine from nine to start the season, their best start in 13 years.


Mourinho’s Benfica beaten on Chelsea return in Champions League

Mourinho’s Benfica beaten on Chelsea return in Champions League
Updated 01 October 2025

Mourinho’s Benfica beaten on Chelsea return in Champions League

Mourinho’s Benfica beaten on Chelsea return in Champions League
  • Rios’ costly blunder in the first half at Stamford Bridge ruined Mourinho’s hopes of a win over the club he is most closely associated with

LONDON: Benfica boss Jose Mourinho was beaten on his return to Chelsea as Richard Rios’ own-goal condemned the former Blues manager to a 1-0 defeat in the Champions League on Tuesday.
Rios’ costly blunder in the first half at Stamford Bridge ruined Mourinho’s hopes of a win over the club he is most closely associated with.
Mourinho and then-owner Roman Abramovich transformed Chelsea into a superpower after his appointment in 2004, winning three Premier League titles among seven major trophies across his two spells in charge.
The 62-year-old’s managerial star may be on the wane following a decade without a league title, but his west London home-coming was still a box office occasion.
Mourinho had started the season in charge of Fenerbahce, who sacked him in August before he returned to his former club Benfica this month.
While Stamford Bridge is the scene of Mourinho’s former glories, it has not been a happy hunting ground for him since.
He has failed to win any of his seven visits with Manchester United, Tottenham and now Benfica since leaving Chelsea for the second time in 2015, while his lone success in the away dugout came with Inter Milan in 2010.
Despite the loss, Mourinho took heart from Benfica’s battling display.
“A defeat is always a defeat but this one can be a start for us. It was a stable performance,” Mourinho said.
“When a team changes coach mid-season it’s because things are not good. So we’ve had some difficulties. But we could have come away from here with a draw.”
Having claimed he was “always a Blue” and still the “biggest” manager in the club’s history on Monday, Mourinho, who retains a house near Stamford Bridge, had insisted Chelsea’s fans would give him a warm welcome on his latest return.
The prediction proved spot-on as Mourinho’s name was loudly chanted several times throughout the match by Chelsea fans who rose in unison to applaud him.
The Mourinho love-in inspired a strong start from Benfica, with Vangelis Pavlidis forcing Robert Sanchez to save at the climax of a flowing move.
Sanchez made another important stop when Dodi Lukebakio’s drive was pushed onto the near post by the Chelsea goalkeeper.

- Mourinho frustration -

But Chelsea rode their luck to take an 18th-minute lead thanks to Rios’ error.
Pedro Neto found Alejandro Garnacho inside the Benfica area and the Argentinian’s cross triggered a panicked clearance from Rios, who diverted the ball high into his own net from close range.
Mourinho’s luck was out, but he was still willing to play peacemaker when Benfica fans threw missiles at Chelsea captain Enzo Fernandez — who had a brief spell at the Portuguese club — marching down the touchline and gesturing to the supporters to stop the barrage.
Mourinho got his wish but Chelsea weren’t so compliant and Tyrique George should have doubled their lead on the stroke of half-time when the young forward shot wide from a good position.
Benfica played with purpose after the interval but lacked the cutting edge required to carve out an equalizer.
Even a red card for Chelsea forward Joao Pedro for a high boot on Leandro Barreiro in the final seconds couldn’t spare Mourinho from a frustrating defeat.
While Mourinho was left to bemoan the first loss of his Benfica reign, it was a welcome success for Chelsea manager Enzo Maresca.
Chelsea had lost three of their previous four games against Bayern Munich, Manchester United and Brighton, raising questions about Maresca’s ability to take the club to the next level.
Maresca has led Chelsea to UEFA Conference League and Club World Cup glory since taking charge last year, but Mourinho waspishly diminished both those achievements this week.
The Blues’ fourth win in nine games in all competitions this season was a timely response from Maresca.
“The effort was very good,” he said. “In the last games we have conceded too many goals. We need to be better defensively, so a clean-sheet is nice.”


Yemen’s Houthis claim responsibility for attack on Dutch-flagged ship

Yemen’s Houthis claim responsibility for attack on Dutch-flagged ship
Updated 01 October 2025

Yemen’s Houthis claim responsibility for attack on Dutch-flagged ship

Yemen’s Houthis claim responsibility for attack on Dutch-flagged ship
  • The rebels have launched missile and drone attacks on over 100 ships and on Israel in response to the war in Gaza, saying they were acting in solidarity with the Palestinians

SANAA: Yemen's Houthi militants claimed on Wednesday responsibility for an attack on the Dutch-flagged general cargo ship Minervagracht.
In a statement, the Houthis' military spokesperson said Monday's attack was carried out by a cruise missile.