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RIYADH: The acacia tree is of significant importance to both the environment and culture in ����ֱ��. It provides shelter for migratory birds and protects travelers and Bedouins in the Arabian Peninsula’s hot desert.

Among the many environmental benefits of the acacia tree is its ability to prevent desertification; its roots improve soil fertility; it provides shade and lower temperatures; it stores carbon and reduces carbon dioxide levels; and it stabilizes dunes in desert areas.

An invasive beetle — scientific name Agrilus planipennis fairmaire — has been attacking trees for years, killing many of them in the Kingdom, including perennial trees.

Oubaid Alouni, an environmental consultant and former consultant at the National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification, explained the role of the acacia tree in the ecosystem and how the pest threatens its existence.

He outlined the different types of acacia trees in ����ֱ��.

“The acacia tree grows naturally in the desert. It is a desert umbrella tree and is divided into two types; the Iraqi acacia and the Najdi acacia, and reaches around 55 types in total,” Alouni said.

There is also another type of acacia tree that grows in Asir, locally known as Al-Kanhbal, scientific name Vachellia origena, that differs from the Najdi acacia, which has long branches and provides ample shade.

While some acacia trees are native to ����ֱ��, others were imported, such as acacia raddiana. They all share a similar trait, providing vital protection from strong sunlight.

“Any hiker, any traveler, who wants to go to the desert must pass by this tree and take shelter under it,” Alouni said, describing how people have always been connected to this species and valued it.

Securing native trees, not only acacia, holds a deeper meaning for the culture and tradition, he said, such as when the Prophet Muhammad used to sit under the Ziziphus spina-christi.

The acacia tree is threatened by the Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire as this species relies on the tree for nutrients.

“This insect reached ����ֱ�� through imported wood, as they found larvae inside wood imported from Russia,” Alouni said.

The pest is a highly destructive wood-boring beetle feeding on the phloem of ash trees. It is also known as the Emerald ash borer, and is native to China, Japan, South Korea, Mongolia and Russia.

This bug is typically a small, metallic green beetle, around half an inch (about 1.2 to 1.5 cm in length), and one of its distinguishing features is that when the wing covers are lifted, the upper abdomen is bright red.

Its life cycle involves multiple stages. The first is the egg stage, during which females lay 40-53 eggs.

Then comes the larva, the longest stage of the beetle’s life cycle, lasting almost a year.

“The larva lives inside the tree for one to two years, eating the layer between the bark and the main trunk,” Alouni said.

After that, it goes through a shorter stage, as a pupae, that lasts about 20 days.

Finally, it reaches the adult stage and is known for chewing through the wood and emerging from trees, forming a small, D-shaped exit hole about 3 to 4 mm wide. This stage of its life is usually short, lasting about 20 days.

The pest is now attacking olive trees in the US, Alouni said.

“In Ohio, I believe, it has begun to invade olive trees terrifyingly. This insect is very dangerous.”

Among the factors that enabled this insect population to increase nationwide is the hunting of birds, especially migratory birds, because they usually feed on insects.

However, the biggest threat to the ecosystem is ignorance, Alouni said, as many people believe the insect is part of the Kingdom’s native environment and that protecting it contributes to a balanced ecosystem.

“There are still people who say, ‘Leave it alone; it’s part of the ecological balance,’ which is, of course, incorrect. This insect is an invasive species in our environment,” he said.

He also believes that pruning trees leaves branches exposed and vulnerable to this insect entering the tree, and that transferring wood from one location to another may provide an opportunity for the larva to expand and increase its numbers.

To address this environmental issue, Alouni told Arab News about the efforts being made to safeguard and protect the Kingdom’s natural treasures, including organizing discussions and workshops to explore the issue and exchange potential solutions among experts.

Also, he believes that a particular bird species, the woodpecker, is one of the most effective ways to reduce the numbers of the beetle.

“It’s called the Arabian woodpecker, yet it only exists in Asir and in small populations, too,” he said.

According to Alouni, the Arabian woodpecker hears the insect inside the tree, hits the branch with its beak and removes it.

One of the strongest methods to contain pests is biological control, which uses other species to help the ecosystem naturally protect and restore its balance.

One animal feeds on another to keep the environment balanced, such as using Orussidae — a parasitic wood wasp — or placing large numbers of chickens and other birds in forests and farms.

“It is called Orussidae in the United States … it kills insects very fast.”

Chemical methods can also be used, but Alouni does not endorse these due to their environmental risks.

 

RIYADH: Digital technology, advanced manufacturing, and logistics are among the Saudi sectors set to benefit from an $80 million investment partnership between ewpartners and Chinese industrial hub Tianjin Binhai New Area.

Formalized in the presence of the Kingdom’s Public Investment Fund and its fund-of-funds platform Jada at the Future Investment Initiative conference in Riyadh, the move aims to introduce mature Chinese industrial projects and technologies into ����ֱ�� and the wider Gulf region.

This partnership directly supports Saudi Vision 2030 by leveraging Tianjin Binhai’s capabilities in alternative energy, smart manufacturing, and port logistics, combined with ewpartners’ network and investment expertise in the Middle East, according to a press release.

Jada CEO Bandr Mohammed Al-Homaly said: “Jada is committed to building a vibrant private capital ecosystem in ����ֱ��, for example through bridging global expertise with local opportunities.”

He added: “The momentum we see from the partnership between ewpartners and Tianjin Binghai New Area, across logistics and technology for instance, reflects our shared dedication to Vision 2030 and to building a thriving private capital ecosystem in the Kingdom.” 

The goal is to accelerate industrial upgrading, enhance local supply chains, and strengthen the Kingdom’s manufacturing competitiveness.

Wu Di, vice chairman of the Administrative Commission of Tianjin Binhai Hi-tech Industrial Development Area, said: “We look forward to leveraging Tianjin’s strengths in smart manufacturing, technology, and port logistics to deepen cooperation with ����ֱ�� and the Middle East, and to build a long-term, open, and mutually beneficial international partnership.”

Jerry Li, co-founder and managing partner of ewpartners, said the partnership is not just about connecting capital— but bringing together industries and innovation capabilities. 

He added:: “Through this fund, we aim to bring China’s proven expertise in manufacturing and technological innovation to the Middle East, driving high-quality regional development.”

The fund marks a strategic step in strengthening industrial and investment ties between Asia and the Middle East, positioning ����ֱ�� as an emerging global hub for cross-border industrial cooperation.