PESHAWAR: Muhammad Alam, 40, wakes up daily to the laughter and noise of his seven children as they begin their day at the family鈥檚 rented home in the northwestern Pakistani city of Peshawar while their mother prepares breakfast in a small kitchen.
These days, Alam鈥檚 heart is full of dread, and he is having frequent arguments with his wife over whether she and the children, six daughters and one son, will accompany him to Afghanistan if he has to leave.
Alam is an Afghan refugee who is married to a Pakistani woman. Under an ongoing repatriation drive targeting "illegal" foreigners that was launched by the Pakistan government in November 2023, Alam may have to leave the country soon. If that happens, he will be separated from his family, all of whom are Pakistani nationals and are refusing to accompany him.
Around 1.3 million Afghans have left Pakistan since the expulsion drive was started.
鈥淲e are in trouble because of the deportation drive,鈥 Alam told Arab News at his home in Peshawar, the capital of the northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
鈥淚 can鈥檛 refuse to leave but who will convince my family? Just for me, these seven children will not go to Afghanistan and I can鈥檛 leave these seven behind.鈥
Alam holds a Proof of Registration (PoR) card, a document issued by the National Database and Registration Authority that provides temporary legal status and freedom of movement for registered Afghan refugees. It serves as an identification document, allowing Afghan refugees to legally reside in Pakistan. The PoR card was initially issued in 2007 and has been extended multiple times, currently valid until June 30, 2025.
Alam is unsure what will happen after that deadline passes next month: 鈥淚f the government arrests and deports me, who will take care of my family?鈥
When he spoke to his children about going to Afghanistan with him, one of them replied: 鈥淵ou are an Afghan, you should go.鈥
Alam鈥檚 wife holds a Pakistani Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC) and his children all have the Form-B, an important document for children under 18 years old in Pakistan, serving as a child's identification document and necessary for various purposes like school admissions, passports, and international travel.
One of Alam鈥檚 daughters Laiba, 14, said the government should make a special case for her father as he had a Pakistani family.
鈥淲e and our mother have Pakistani identification documents, only he doesn鈥檛 have it. He should be given the [CNIC] card, the whole fight will end,鈥 she said.
鈥淲hat will we do in Afghanistan? We have neither seen nor gone there.鈥
Troubles have already begun for the family.
Laiba said she was refused enrollment in the 8th standard after she failed to present a Pakistani CNIC for her father.
鈥淭hey asked for my mother鈥檚 [CNIC] card, I produced it. Then they asked for my father鈥檚 card. My father didn鈥檛 have a [CNIC] card, from where should I have produced it? So, they expelled me from the school,鈥 the teenager said.
鈥淥ur school is gone already. What should we do?鈥
Qudratullah, 38, another Afghan refugee from Jalalabad who is married to a Pakistani women, is facing the same issue, saying his children and wife were refusing to accompany him to Afghanistan.
While he has an Afghan passport, his Pakistan visa had expired, after which he was deported to Afghanistan in October 2024. It took him nearly four months to get a new visa from Afghanistan and return to Pakistan in February this year, with a multiple-entry family visit visa that expires in February 2026.
鈥淚 have married a Pakistani woman but my wife doesn鈥檛 want to go with me to [Afghanistan],鈥 Qudratullah told Arab News. 鈥淲hen I tell her to go, she starts fighting with me. She doesn鈥檛 want to go with me at any cost.鈥
Qudratullah's wife Nasreen Bibi described the situation as 鈥渢oo difficult.鈥
鈥淪ometimes he [my husband] gets a visa and sometimes the visa is rejected, and he sometimes gets stuck there [in Afghanistan] and we are left alone,鈥 she said at the couple鈥檚 home in Peshawar.
鈥淲e have children who are studying here, we have a house. We can鈥檛 go with him there, our children can鈥檛 live in that country.鈥
鈥淗翱厂笔滨罢础尝滨罢驰鈥
Nauman Mohib Kakakhel, a Peshawar High Court advocate, has fought cases for families, where a Pakistani is married to an Afghan with Proof of Registration (POR) or Afghan Citizen Cards (ACC). The ACC is a document issued by the Pakistan government to undocumented Afghan nationals, allowing them to legally reside in Pakistan for a limited time and provides temporary protection from deportation.
鈥淲e filed a case for hundreds of families, and it was decided by the Peshawar High Court that since NADRA already has records of these families in the shape of Afghan Citizen Cards or Proof of Registration cards, as they enjoy refugees鈥 status in Pakistan and that鈥檚 a legal status,鈥 Kakakhel said.
鈥淎nd now they have got married to a Pakistani citizen, so this should be sufficient for them to get permanent residency in Pakistan.鈥
As per the law, children born to a couple where one partner is Pakistani and the other is Afghan, will automatically be entitled to the citizenship of Pakistan by descent when they turn 21, the lawyer explained.
After they turn 21, they must opt for the nationality of one country while Pakistani women married to an Afghan can hold the citizenship of both countries under Pakistani law.
Speaking to Arab News, Qaisar Afridi, a spokesperson for UNHCR in Pakistan, said Afghans, including human rights activists, journalists and others married to Pakistani nationals, were facing challenges in Pakistan:
鈥淎s the Pakistani government and the people of Pakistan have hosted Afghans for the past 40-45 years, we request the government of Pakistan that this hospitality should be continued until the situation in Afghanistan improves.鈥