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New humanitarian crisis looms in Afghanistan as Pakistan forces refugees to return

Afghan refugee families arrive on foot to cross the Pakistan-Afghanistan Torkham border on Nov. 2, 2023, following Pakistan's decision to expel people illegally staying in the country. (AFP/File Photo)
Afghan refugee families arrive on foot to cross the Pakistan-Afghanistan Torkham border on Nov. 2, 2023, following Pakistan's decision to expel people illegally staying in the country. (AFP/File Photo)
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Updated 04 April 2025

New humanitarian crisis looms in Afghanistan as Pakistan forces refugees to return

New humanitarian crisis looms in Afghanistan as Pakistan forces refugees to return
  • Mass deportation coincides with huge foreign aid cuts under new US policies
  • Deadline for hundreds of thousands of Afghans to leave Pakistan was March 31

KABUL: Pakistan’s plan to expel most of its Afghan refugees this year will trigger a new humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, aid groups warn, as foreign funding has been slashed and existing infrastructure is inadequate to support returnees.

Pakistan is home to about 3 million Afghans, many of whom fled their country during decades of war. This number includes Afghans born in Pakistan, as well as those who sought shelter after the Taliban returned to power in 2021.

They are the main group facing deportation under the Pakistani government’s nationwide crackdown to force out foreigners living in the country illegally. The drive also includes Afghan Citizen Card holders, who were given a deadline to leave by March 31. Pakistani authorities confirmed last week they were not extending the deadline.

According to UN data, 800,000 people with Afghan Citizen Cards and 1 million undocumented Afghans are currently set to be expelled. Since the launch of the crackdown in 2023, more than 843,000 Afghans have returned to their homeland.

“If they come in hundreds of thousands or millions, it will create another crisis in the country,” Abdul Fatah Jawad, director of Ehsas Welfare and Social Services Organization, told Arab News.

“Finding houses, jobs, and educational opportunities will be very difficult for this huge number of returnees. Health is another challenge.”

Over the past two months, more than 200 health facilities across Afghanistan have been either suspended or closed, and another 200 will shut by June due to external funding shortfalls, which come amid massive US aid cuts under the Donald Trump administration.

The US, which invaded Afghanistan in 2001, was its largest aid donor. It has been cutting its support since 2021. Washington withdrew its troops from Afghanistan after the collapse of its Western-backed regime and imposed sanctions on the country’s new rulers. It also froze all projects after spending billions on two decades of military and development operations.

The moves led to Afghanistan’s economic collapse and the disruption of basic services such as healthcare, education, and food distribution. Millions of people were left without essential support due to the collapse of institutions and infrastructure.

As the economy continues to reel and new aid cuts are implemented, the return of refugees will place an additional strain on a system that may not be able to bear it.

“With the overall shortage of donors’ financial aid, especially after the recent US funding cuts, Afghanistan is not prepared to receive large numbers of returnees at once and provide them with housing and livelihood facilities. This is a significant challenge and will certainly exacerbate the ongoing crisis in the country,” said Fareed-ud-Din Noori, country director of Women for Afghan Women, a US-based organization that has been providing shelter, protection and food services to returnees.

“Several international and national organizations that provided critical services to returnees in resettlement and reintegration areas in the country were forced to either close their offices or suspend their projects due to unavailability of funds.”

The prospect of immediately finding jobs for hundreds of thousands of families is unlikely.

“With unemployment levels skyrocketing across the country and livelihood prospects looking grim, these returnees will face significant challenges in starting a new life in the country. Afghanistan’s aid-dependent economy will come under increasing pressure,” Noori said.

“The international community’s financial support is compulsory to enable a proper response to the influx of returnees.”

The Afghan government, too, does not have a clear plan of how to handle the number of returning nationals and integrate them with the rest of the society. Its Refugee and Repatriation Minister Mawlawi Abdul Kabir said last month that Afghanistan would encourage its nationals to come back to the country, but they should be given time and return “according to an organized and gradual mechanism instead of forced deportation.”

Dr. Tayeb Khan, economist and lecturer at Kateb University in Kabul, warned that refugee children in particular will be affected by the forced migration.

“All of this is putting increasing pressure on the country’s fragile economy, leading to greater dependence on humanitarian aid and deepening the poverty situation. The government alone will not be able to integrate children of these returnees into schools and provide them with essential health services,” he said.

“Most of these refugees have established their own lives and businesses over the years they have lived abroad … When they are forced to return to Afghanistan against their will, they will struggle with finding a job or work at first. Tens of thousands of people in the country are already finding it very difficult to get employed, especially after development projects were suspended following the withdrawal of international funding from Afghanistan.”


Pakistan says 19 militants killed in three operations in northwest

Pakistan says 19 militants killed in three operations in northwest
Updated 11 September 2025

Pakistan says 19 militants killed in three operations in northwest

Pakistan says 19 militants killed in three operations in northwest
  • ISPR says weapons and ammunition recovered as troops continue area ‘sanitization operations’
  • President Asif Zardari hails the raids as proof of Pakistan’s resolve to eradicate militant violence

ISLAMABAD: Pakistani security forces killed 19 militants in three separate operations in the country’s northwest this week, the military’s media wing, Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), said on Thursday.

Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), which Islamabad calls “khwarij,” an early-Islamic term for rebels who declared other Muslims apostates, has intensified attacks in the region in recent years. Pakistani officials often accuse the TTP and separatist groups such as the Baloch Liberation Army of being backed by India, a charge New Delhi denies.

“On 9-10 September, nineteen Khwarij belonging to Indian Proxy, Fitna al Khwarij were sent to hell in three separate engagements in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province,” the ISPR said.

“Weapons and ammunition were also recovered from Indian sponsored killed Khwarij, who remained actively involved in numerous terrorist activities in these areas,” it added.

According to the statement, security forces first launched an intelligence-based operation in the Guluno area of Mohmand district, where 14 militants were killed after an intense exchange of fire.

A second operation in Datta Khel, North Waziristan, left four militants dead, while another encounter in Bannu district killed one.

ISPR said “sanitization operations” were continuing to eliminate any remaining fighters in these areas, reaffirming that security forces were determined to eradicate militant violence from the country.

President Asif Ali Zardari praised the operations, saying the courage and professionalism of Pakistan’s soldiers “continue to protect the nation from the scourge of terrorism.” He vowed Pakistan would keep pursuing militants “until every last terrorist and their facilitators are brought to justice.”


Indonesian rescuers search for missing people as floods recede

Indonesian rescuers search for missing people as floods recede
Updated 11 September 2025

Indonesian rescuers search for missing people as floods recede

Indonesian rescuers search for missing people as floods recede
  • Rescuers are searching in rivers and the rubble of devastated villages for survivors of devastating flash floods that struck two provinces in Indonesia a day earlier
  • Torrential rains beginning Monday caused flooding and landslides on the tourist island of Bali and in East Nusa Tenggara province, killing at least 15 people and leaving 10 missing

DENPASAR: Rescuers on Thursday searched in rivers and the rubble of devastated villages for survivors of devastating flash floods that struck two provinces in Indonesia a day earlier, as waters began to recede.
Torrential rains beginning Monday caused flooding and landslides on the tourist island of Bali and in East Nusa Tenggara province, killing at least 15 people and leaving 10 missing.
Rain caused rivers to burst their banks, tearing through nine cities and districts on Bali. Mud, rocks and trees tumbled onto mountainside hamlets and rising rivers submerged at least 112 neighborhoods and resulted in several landslides, Bali’s Disaster Mitigation Agency said in a statement.
As river levels returned to normal on Thursday, people in Denpasar, Bali’s capital, left crammed emergency shelters. They found streets covered in mud and debris, cars lying upside down in parks or piled up in narrow alleys, and sidewalks strewn with sandals, pots and pans and old photographs.
Authorities took advantage of the receding waters to begin clearing away mud and removing piles of wet garbage from the streets, and electricity was restored to tens of thousands of residences and businesses.
Heavy seasonal rain from about September to March frequently causes flooding and landslides in Indonesia.
Suharyanto, the head of the National Disaster Mitigation Agency, told a news conference late Wednesday that the threat of flooding in Bali is over.
The floods in Bali swept away people and about 474 kiosks and small shophouses in art and public markets, killing at least six residents and submerging hundreds of houses and buildings, forcing more than 800 residents to flee to temporary government shelters, said Suharyanto, who goes by a single name like many Indonesians.
He said up to 600 rescue workers, police and soldiers have been deployed since Wednesday to search for six people reportedly still missing in Bali as the floods also have damaged roads, bridges and other infrastructures.
Scores of rescue personnel were searching through a river around the remote village of Mauponggo in East Nusa Tenggara, where floods left tons of mud, rocks and trees.
Rescuers were focused on finding four people, including two toddlers, who were swept away by floods along with 35 houses, said local police chief Dewa Putu Suariawan. Six other villagers were pulled out of floodwaters or mud on Wednesday.
Local Disaster Mitigation Agency head Agustinus Pone said the severe weather and rugged terrain that hampered rescue efforts exacerbated by the disruption of electricity, clean water, and telecommunications networks in 18 villages by flash floods.
He said that flooding and landslides in the area also destroyed two bridges, two government offices, a plantation and rice fields, and killed livestock.


A murky pipeline deal to send Russian gas to China shows Beijing’s dominance in the relationship

A murky pipeline deal to send Russian gas to China shows Beijing’s dominance in the relationship
Updated 3 min 49 sec ago

A murky pipeline deal to send Russian gas to China shows Beijing’s dominance in the relationship

A murky pipeline deal to send Russian gas to China shows Beijing’s dominance in the relationship
  • The pipeline would carry gas from reserves in western Siberia through Mongolia to China
  • But various issues face Siberia 2, reason why it can’t completely replace Russia’s lost revenue from Europe

FRANKFURT, Germany: The head of Russia’s state-owned gas company Gazprom says it has a deal to build a pipeline to China, but there are many unanswered questions about the details of the agreement.
On paper, the project — known as the Power of Siberia 2 — would give Russia a way to replace some of the revenue from its decades of selling natural gas to Europe that was lost over its invasion of Ukraine. The pipeline would carry gas from reserves in western Siberia through Mongolia to China.
And what Gazprom CEO Alexei Miller called a “legally binding” memorandum to build the pipeline with the China National Petroleum Co. is a chance for Moscow and Beijing to underline their deepening ties against the United States.
Here are key issues surrounding the Power of Siberia 2 and why it can’t completely replace Russia’s lost revenue from Europe:
A new link to China
The pipeline would run 6,700 kilometers (4,163 miles) from gas fields in the Yamal Peninsula in western Siberia, past Lake Baikal in eastern Siberia, and then across Mongolia into China. For more than 50 years, Russia earned fat profits sending Yamal gas to Europe through pipelines leading west.
But Russia cut off most pipeline gas to Europe over the war in Ukraine, and the European Union wants to end the remaining trickle of supplies by 2027.
So the new pipeline would be a way to shift those lost gas sales to a big new customer.
 

Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, and Chinese President Xi Jinping greet each other in Tianjin, China, on Aug. 31, 2025. (Sputnik, Kremlin Pool Photo via AP, File)

The geopolitics of the deal
Power of Siberia 2 would carry 50 billion cubic meters a year to China, compared with the up to 180 billion cubic meters a year that went to Europe — meaning the new pipeline could only make up part of the lost business. It would supplement a previous, smaller Power of Siberia line that carries gas from different fields in eastern Siberia with a capacity of 38 billion cubic meters per year.
Miller’s announcement, which came during a meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping, left out key details. There was no agreement on gas prices or even who would finance the pipeline’s construction.
Analysts say the announcement was primarily a chance for Russia and China to underline their closer relationship, and for China to snub supplies of US liquefied natural gas that comes by ship.
India is buying Russian oil despite US President Donald Trump retaliating with 25 percent tariffs on imports, and China’s purchases of US liquefied natural gas are blocked by tariffs imposed as part of China’s trade dispute with the Trump administration trade. Meanwhile China has started taking LNG shipments from Russia’s Arctic-2 terminal, which has been the target of US and EU sanctions.
So the theatrics of the deal are clear.
“You’ve got this show of Russia, India, China saying, ‘you know what, we don’t care about your sanctions, we don’t care about your LNG,’” said Michal Meidan, head of China energy research at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
The announcement was “an absolutely perfect way ... to say: ‘Look, we’re not all talk, here’s an actual measure,’” said Annette Bohr, associate fellow in the Russia and Eurasia program at Chatham House in London.
But while the deal is “a step forward for Gazprom, it’s not a done deal. There’s no confirmed timeline, no definitive pricing agreement,” she said.
China’s hard bargain on prices
Discussions on the pipeline have moved slowly, largely because China has held out for low prices.
“At the moment, it’s entirely possible that Beijing is still only ready to commit to part of the pipeline, and at heavily discounted rates, which has in fact been the problem for a number of years,” Bohr said. “So Russia is, in effect, still subsidizing Chinese gas consumption.”
She added that “China is definitely in the driver’s seat” when it comes to energy deals.
The announcement underlines that China is the dominant partner, said Alexander Gabuev, director of the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center.
China “has multiple other sources to import gas. So if Russia is ready to provide conditions that satisfy China’s demands, then it’s probably a green light,” he said. “But without that, it’s just a friendly reminder that Russia needs to accommodate some of Chinese demand. And it’s telling you that China has tremendous leverage, and has, in a way, the seniority in this relationship.”
Does China need another fossil fuel pipeline?
Given the global effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels, one good question is whether China needs another gas supplier, says the Oxford Energy Institute’s Meidan.
“It’s not clear that it really does need Power of Siberia 2,” she said, adding that there is “huge uncertainty about just how much demand China will have in the 2030s, even from Chinese analysts and Chinese institutions.”
China’s future demand is part of a complex equation involving a shift away from coal, which emits more carbon dioxide, as the swing fuel used to cover peaks in electricity demand that can’t be met by renewables such as wind or hydro power.
A faster move away from coal means more gas use over the short term, while a slower coal exit could increase gas consumption. Battery storage to cover demand peaks and nuclear power could also play a role.
“They might not necessarily use more gas if they do renewables and storage faster than anyone else, or if they find other ways where ... they use their hydro and their nuclear,” Meidan said.
For China, gas “is sort of a nice to have (but) it’s not a must-have,” she added.
 


US on edge: Experts warn of “vicious spiral” in political violence after Kirk killing

US on edge: Experts warn of “vicious spiral” in political violence after Kirk killing
Updated 11 September 2025

US on edge: Experts warn of “vicious spiral” in political violence after Kirk killing

US on edge: Experts warn of “vicious spiral” in political violence after Kirk killing
  • Kirk, 31, was a pioneer in the conservative movement and harnessed the power of social media to lure millions of young Americans into Trump’s MAGA base

The assassination of right-wing influencer Charlie Kirk marks a watershed moment in a surge of US political violence, one that some experts fear will inflame an already-fractured country and inspire more unrest.
”This event is horrifying, alarming, but not necessarily surprising,” said Mike Jensen, a researcher at the University of Maryland, which has tracked such violence in a terrorism database since 1970.
In the first six months of the year, the US experienced about 150 politically-motivated attacks — nearly twice as many as over the same period last year, said Jensen. “I think we are in a very, very dangerous spot right now that could quite easily escalate into more widespread civil unrest if we don’t get a hold of it,” Jensen said. “This could absolutely serve as a kind of flashpoint that inspires more of it.”
Experts in domestic terrorism cite a convergence of factors for increased violence in the US: economic insecurity, anxiety over shifting racial and ethnic demographics, and the increasingly inflammatory tone of political discourse. Traditional ideological divides — once centered on policy disagreements — have morphed into a deeper, more personal animosity. That anger is amplified by a mix of social media, conspiracy theories and personal grievances.
Reuters identified last year at least 300 cases of political violence across the US between the January 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol and the 2024 presidential election, marking the most significant and sustained surge in such violence since the 1970s.
“Extreme political violence is increasingly becoming the norm in our country, and the shooting of Charlie Kirk is indicative of a far greater and more pervasive issue: acts of violence are becoming more common, even without any clear ideology or motive,” said Jon Lewis, a research fellow at the Program on Extremism at George Washington University.
“There’s really a concern about what the blowback to something like this will look like.”
Other experts who study political violence agreed. “People are reluctant to engage in violence first, but they’re much more willing to engage in violence as retaliation,” said Lilliana Mason, a political science professor at Johns Hopkins University. “No one wants to be the one to start it, but lots of people want to be able to finish it.”
Kirk, a close ally of US President Donald Trump and founder of the conservative student group Turning Point USA, was addressing an outdoor crowd of about 3,000 at Utah Valley University when a gunshot rang out, sending him tumbling from his chair and attendees fleeing in panic.
Authorities had not yet publicly identified a suspect by Wednesday evening, nearly six hours after the shooting. FBI Director Kash Patel said an unnamed “subject” had been detained for questioning and then released.
Kirk, 31, was a pioneer in the conservative movement and harnessed the power of social media to lure millions of young Americans into Trump’s MAGA base.
“No one understood or had the Heart of the Youth in the United States better than Charlie,” Trump said in a social media post announcing Kirk’s death.

“Vicious spiral”
Trump himself was the subject of two assassination attempts last year. In one, the shooter was killed by authorities seconds after he fired. In the other, a man was arrested carrying a rifle and scope near a Palm Beach golf club where Trump was playing. His trial began this week.
In addition to those, two recent high-profile attacks by right-wing conspiracy theorists this year shook lawmakers and government workers across the country. In June, a Christian nationalist murdered a senior Democratic state lawmaker and her husband in Minnesota, and wounded a second Democrat. In August, a gunman obsessed with COVID-19 conspiracies sprayed gunfire at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention headquarters in Atlanta, killing a police officer.
Since January, at least 21 people have been killed in political violence incidents, 14 of them in a car bomb attack in New Orleans by a jihadist claiming loyalty to the Daesh group early on New Year’s Day.
In May, a pro-Palestinian activist murdered two Israeli embassy employees in Washington, and told police after his arrest, “I did it for Gaza,” according to court documents.
In July, a group of at least 11 militants in black military-style clothing attacked an immigration detention center in Texas, the Justice Department said. The group set off fireworks, spray-painted “traitor” and “ICE Pig” on vehicles, and shot a responding police officer in the neck, wounding him, while another sprayed gunfire at detention guards, the FBI said.
Since returning to office, Trump has scaled back efforts to counter domestic extremism, redirecting resources toward immigration enforcement and citing the southern border as the top security threat.
Jensen, the University of Maryland researcher who tracks violence for the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, said the future appears grim.
“This is an administration that, whether you agree with it or not, has made profound changes to this country in the eight months it’s been in office,” he said. “Some people love it, some people hate it. The people that hate it are starting to act out. People who love it are going to act out against those people that hate it, and it becomes a vicious spiral that could lead us into something really, really bad.”


Authorities say a boy shot two other teens then himself at a suburban Denver high school

Authorities say a boy shot two other teens then himself at a suburban Denver high school
Updated 11 September 2025

Authorities say a boy shot two other teens then himself at a suburban Denver high school

Authorities say a boy shot two other teens then himself at a suburban Denver high school

DENVER: A boy opened fire with a handgun at a high school in the foothills of suburban Denver on Wednesday and shot two teenagers before shooting and injuring himself, authorities said.
The shooting was reported around 12:30 p.m. at Evergreen High School in Evergreen, Colorado, about 30 miles west of Denver.
Shots were fired both inside and outside the school building, and law enforcement officers who responded found the shooter within five minutes of arriving, Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office spokesperson Jacki Kelley said.
None of the law enforcement officers who responded to the shooting fired any shots, Kelley said.
More than 100 police officers from the surrounding area rushed to the school to try to help, Kelley said. A 1999 school shooting at Jefferson County’s Columbine High killed 14 people, including a woman who died earlier this year of complications from her injuries in the shooting.
The three teens from Evergreen were taken to St. Anthony Hospital and originally listed in critical condition, CEO Kevin Cullinan said. Their ages were not released.
By early evening, one teen was in stable condition with what Dr. Brian Blackwood, the hospital’s trauma director, described as non-life threatening injuries. He declined to provide more details.
The high school with more than 900 students is largely surrounded by forest. It is about a mile from the center of Evergreen, which has a population of 9,300 people.
After the shooting, parents gathered outside a nearby elementary school waiting to reunite with their children.
Wendy Nueman said her 15-year-old daughter, a sophomore at Evergreen High School, didn’t answer her phone right away after the shooting, The Denver Post reported. When her daughter finally called back, it was from a borrowed phone.
“She just said she was OK. She couldn’t hardly speak,” Nueman said, holding back tears. She gathered that her daughter ran from the school.
“It’s super scary,” she said. “We feel like we live in a little bubble here. Obviously, no one is immune.”
Eighteen students who fled from the shooting took shelter at a home just down the road, after an initial group of them pounded on the door asking for help, resident Don Cygan told Denver’s KUSA-TV. One student said he heard gunshots while in the school’s cafeteria and ran out of the school, Cygan said.
Cygan, a retired educator familiar with lockdown trainings to prepare for possible shootings, said he took down the names of all the students and the names of the parents who later arrived there to pick them up. His wife, a retired nurse, was able to calm the teens down and treat them for shock, he said.
“I hope they feel like they ran to the right house,” he said.