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Global cooperation ‘flatlined’ amid rising conflicts: WEF report

Global cooperation ‘flatlined’ amid rising conflicts: WEF report
Borge Brende, president and CEO of the WEF, and Bob Sternfels, global managing partner at McKinsey & Co. urge international cooperation in the face of a complex world. (Screenshot: WEF)
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Updated 23 January 2025

Global cooperation ‘flatlined’ amid rising conflicts: WEF report

Global cooperation ‘flatlined’ amid rising conflicts: WEF report
  • Multilateral bodies failing to resolve wars, says WEF’s Borge Brende
  • Deaths at highest in 30 years, record 122m people displaced in 2024

DUBAI: Geopolitical tensions and rising conflicts in the Middle East, Ukraine and Sudan have caused global cooperation to stall after a period of growth, according to a report from the World Economic Forum.

The second edition of the Global Cooperation Barometer was launched on Tuesday, ahead of the WEF’s annual meeting in Davos from Jan. 20 to 24.

The report, developed in collaboration with McKinsey & Co., found that cooperation was increasing positively over a decade, surpassing pre-COVID-19 levels but stagnated over the past three years due to geopolitical instability.

However, collaboration has continued in various other areas including vaccine distribution, scientific research and renewable energy development, the report stated.

“The concern with a stalled level of cooperation is that as the world enters the second half of the decade, with critical global deadlines ahead, progress is not where it needs to be,” said Borge Brende, president and CEO of the WEF, during the report’s online launch event.

This rise in global security issues and record levels of humanitarian crises were due to the inability of multilateral institutions to prevent and resolve conflicts in recent years, the report found.

According to UN figures, the number of conflict-related deaths has risen to the highest levels in 30 years, with a record number of 122 million people displaced as of 2024, double the number from a decade ago.

Brende urged the international community to unify and address the mounting geopolitical tensions and competition as leaders approach a highly “complex and uncertain” world.

“The Barometer is being released at a moment of great global instability and at a time when many new governments are developing agendas for the year, and their terms, ahead,” Brende said.

“What the Barometer shows is that cooperation is not only essential to address crucial economic, environmental and technological challenges, it is possible within today’s more turbulent context.”

The Barometer uses 41 indicators to measure global cooperation between 2012 and 2023 across five pillars: trade and capital flows, innovation and technology, climate and natural capital, health and wellness, and peace and security.

Positive momentum in climate finance, trade and innovation offered hope, the report stated.

“Advancing global innovation, health, prosperity and resilience cannot be done alone,” said Bob Sternfels, global managing partner at McKinsey & Co.

“Leaders will need new mechanisms for working together on key priorities, even as they disagree on others, and the past several years have shown this balance is possible.”

He urged world leaders to embrace “disordered” cooperation, as well as develop adaptive and solutions-driven decision-making to navigate a turbulent global landscape.

“By pivoting towards cooperative solutions, leaders can rebuild trust, drive meaningful change and unlock new opportunities for shared progress and resilience in the complex years ahead,” he said.

According to the UN, just 17 percent of the Sustainable Development Goals are on track to meet the 2030 deadline.

The advancement of cooperation in innovation in 2023 drove the adoption of new technologies that benefited multiple areas of life. However, the WEF warned that emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence was reshaping the global landscape, raising the possibility of an “AI arms race.”

“Cooperative leadership and inclusive strategies will be key to harness its vast potential while tackling risks,” according to experts quoted in the report.

The report found that cooperation on climate goals improved over the past year, with increased finance flows and higher trade in low-carbon technologies such as solar, wind and electric vehicles. Yet, urgent action was still required to meet net-zero targets as global emissions continue to rise.

According to UN figures, global temperatures have risen to record levels, with 2024 being the hottest year on record.

Health outcomes, including life expectancy, continued to improve post-pandemic, but overall progress was slowing compared to pre-2020. Brende warned that forging collaboration in a highly fragmented world was crucial to address cross-border challenges.

Seven million people died from COVID-19, while the US has reported the first human death linked to bird flu on Tuesday. Cybercrime cost the world $2 trillion in 2023, he added.

“With pandemics, there is no other way than using the tools we have for early warnings. We have to come together and put all resources to move much faster than we did.

“COVID-19 was the worst pandemic we had seen in 100 years, but I don’t think it will take 100 years before we see the next pandemic,” warned Brende.

The report revealed that although cross-border assistance and pharmaceutical research and development have declined, and cooperation on trade in health goods and international regulations stalled, various health metrics including child and maternal mortality remained strong.

Goods trade declined by 5 percent, driven largely by slower growth in China and other developing economies, while global fragmentation continued to reduce trade between Western and Eastern-aligned blocs. However, Brende said a 3 percent increase in global trade is expected this year.

Despite this, the report found global flows of services, capital and people showed resilience. Foreign direct investment surged, particularly in strategic sectors including semiconductors and green energy, while labor migration and remittances rebounded strongly, surpassing pre-pandemic levels.

“There should be enough common interest to collaborate even in a competitive world. So I hope that this Barometer will then be a useful tool for leaders around the world to know where we stand today, as well as the risks and opportunities we face,” he said.

The WEF’s annual meeting will convene global leaders under the theme “Collaboration for the Intelligent Age.” The meeting aims to foster new partnerships and insights in an era of rapidly advancing technology.


Israel FM says no Macron visit unless France drops Palestinian state recognition

Israel FM says no Macron visit unless France drops Palestinian state recognition
Updated 3 sec ago

Israel FM says no Macron visit unless France drops Palestinian state recognition

Israel FM says no Macron visit unless France drops Palestinian state recognition
JERUSALEM: Israel’s foreign minister said Thursday that his government would not agree to a visit by French President Emmanuel Macron so long as Paris plans to recognize a Palestinian state.
A statement from Israel’s foreign ministry said Gideon Saar told France’s top diplomat Jean-Noel Barrot in a phone call that “there is no room” for a presidential visit “as long as France persists in its initiative and efforts that harm Israel’s interests.”
Israel’s public broadcaster Kan reported on Wednesday that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had rejected a request by Macron to make a brief visit ahead of the UN General Assembly later this month, where the president plans to formally recognize a Palestinian state.
Paris should “reconsider its initiative,” Foreign Minister Saar told Barrot, arguing that the move would undermine regional stability and harm “Israel’s national and security interests.”
“Israel strives for good relations with France, but France must respect the Israeli position when it comes to issues essential to its security and future,” Saar said according to the statement.
Tensions between France and Israel have flared since Macron said France would formally recognize a Palestinian state during the UN meeting. Several Western governments have announced similar plans.
The row escalated last month when Netanyahu accused Macron of fomenting “antisemitism,” with the Elysee hitting back, calling the allegation “abject” and “erroneous.”
By announcing the move to recognize statehood for Palestinians, France is set to join a list of nations that has grown since the start of the Gaza war nearly two years ago.
Making his announcement in July, Macron said the “urgent priority today is to end the war in Gaza.”
“We must finally build the State of Palestine” and ensure that it would “contribute to the security of all in the Middle East,” he wrote on social media.
France is among at least 145 of the 193 UN members that now recognize or plan to recognize a Palestinian state, according to an AFP tally.

Lebanon condemns Israeli strikes as its army chiefs prepare to present disarmament plan

Lebanon condemns Israeli strikes as its army chiefs prepare to present disarmament plan
Updated 59 min 24 sec ago

Lebanon condemns Israeli strikes as its army chiefs prepare to present disarmament plan

Lebanon condemns Israeli strikes as its army chiefs prepare to present disarmament plan
  • President Joseph Aoun says attacks ‘demonstrate Israel’s continued defiance of international will; Prime Minister Nawaf Salam says they breach ceasefire deal and international law
  • Lebanese Cabinet will meet on Friday to hear army’s strategy for disarming Hezbollah and other militias, and establishing state control over all military weapons

BEIRUT: Lebanon’s President Joseph Aoun on Thursday condemned persistent Israeli attacks on his country, in some cases close to peacekeepers from the UN Interim Force in Lebanon.

It came the day before a Cabinet meeting during which the Lebanese army was due to unveil its strategy for disarming Hezbollah and other militias, and establishing exclusive state control over military weapons throughout the country.

Aoun said the Israeli attacks “demonstrate Israel’s continued defiance of international will,” as the UN Security Council recently called for an end to hostile operations against Lebanon.

Prime Minister Nawaf Salam described the assaults as “a flagrant breach of the November ceasefire agreement, UN Resolution 1701, and international law.”

He said: “The international community’s credibility hangs in the balance as it must act immediately to force Israel to stop these violations and respect Lebanese sovereignty and civilian safety.”

Resolution 1701 was adopted by the UN Security Council in 2006 with the aim of resolving the conflict that year between Israel and Hezbollah. It called for an end to hostilities, the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon, the withdrawal of Hezbollah and other forces from parts of the country south of the Litani River, and the disarmament of Hezbollah and other non-state armed groups.

Attacks on Lebanon by Israeli forces, who claim to be targeting Hezbollah infrastructure and operatives, have persisted over the past two days.

Israel’s military said it struck “a Hezbollah facility in Ansariyeh used for storing engineering equipment,” but the owner of the site said a warehouse that was bombed contained only privately owned bulldozers that were under repair, and denied any connection to Hezbollah.

On Wednesday, Israel launched airstrikes across territories north and south of the Litani River, pummeling communities in Shebaa, Taybeh, Yater, Kharayeb, the corridor between Adloun and Abu Al-Aswad, and the valley linking Babliyeh with Adloun. Several civilians, including Syrian laborers, were reported killed or injured by the bombardments.

Israeli military officials said that they had killed “Abdul Munim Sweidan, identified as a Hezbollah commander in Yater.”

Since the Nov. 27 ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hezbollah came into force, more than 264 people have been reported killed and 540 wounded in Lebanon by continuing Israeli strikes.

Lebanese army commander Gen. Rudolf Haykal is due to unveil the military’s disarmament plans during a cabinet meeting on Friday. Officials have voiced concerns that Hezbollah might use the latest Israeli offensive as a justification if it refuses to surrender its weapons and confronts the government more aggressively.

Lebanese leaders say the decision by the Cabinet on Aug. 5 to task the Lebanese army with developing a plan to disarm Hezbollah and establish a state monopoly on all military weapons by the end of the year stems from constitutional obligations under the 1989 Taif Agreement and international mandates.

However, Hezbollah and its Amal Movement allies object to the timeline set for the disarmament process and want more time to deliberate, a demand that was rejected by the prime minister and other government officials. In response, Hezbollah threatened to boycott the Cabinet and organize public demonstrations.

A military source said the disarmament plan will focus on a number of key points, including “the collection of arms south and north of the Litani River, in villages and valleys far from the border region.”

A subsequent phase will cover the southern suburbs of Beirut and Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, where long-range missiles are stored, the source added.

An official source also told Arab News that the Lebanese army has already confiscated more than 80 percent of heavy, medium-range and light weapons south of the Litani.

“The search is underway for Hezbollah’s military arsenal, as neither the Lebanese army nor Hezbollah’s current leadership know its storage locations, due to Israeli assassinations of the former leadership, particularly since Hezbollah adopts secrecy in its military operations,” the source added.

It was not known whether ministers representing Hezbollah and the Amal Movement intend to walk out of the Cabinet session at the Presidential Palace on Friday after hearing the army’s disarmament plan.

Salam said he would be “pushing for the adoption of the plan without resorting to a vote, provided that it does not include a specific timeline for completion but instead leaves the matter to the army’s leadership.

“This is because the implementation steps remain secret and fall solely within the authority of the military leadership, particularly given the lack of comprehensive knowledge about what might be found above and below the ground, and the duration of the confiscation operations, while taking public safety measures into consideration.”

Pro-Hezbollah activists issued provocative calls on social media for public protests to coincide with the Cabinet session on Friday.

US envoy Morgan Ortagus was scheduled to return to Beirut at the end of this week, accompanied by the recently retired former head of US Central Command, Gen. Michael Kurilla.

According to media reports, the visit is security-related and the Americans will meet the Lebanese army commander and other security officials, as well as the members of the international Quintet Committee (comprising representatives from ֱ, Qatar, Egypt, the US and France) that is overseeing the implementation of the ceasefire agreement, to discuss the army’s disarmament plan, the situation in southern Lebanon, and the army’s operational needs.

Meanwhile, Lebanon’s grand mufti, Sheikh Abdul Latif Derian, defended the Cabinet’s decision to ensure possession of all military weapons is restricted to the state.

On the anniversary of the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday, Derian said: “The demand to confine weapons to the state is an inherently Lebanese demand. We may disagree on major or minor issues, but we mustn’t disagree on reclaiming the state from corruption and weapons.

“No state has two armies. The armed militias spread across several Arab countries have obstructed, and continue to obstruct, the establishment of a state for all citizens, not for those who bear arms. There must be no disagreement over the state and the army.”

During a meeting, Hezbollah’s parliamentary bloc criticized the government and urged it to “stop offering concessions to the enemy, reverse its unpatriotic decision that violates the National Pact regarding the weapons of the resistance, abandon related plans, and revert to the principles of consensus and dialogue.”


S. Sudan denies relocation plan of Palestinians from Gaza

S. Sudan denies relocation plan of Palestinians from Gaza
Updated 04 September 2025

S. Sudan denies relocation plan of Palestinians from Gaza

S. Sudan denies relocation plan of Palestinians from Gaza
  • South Sudan has repeatedly denied reports it would take Palestinians
  • Foreign ministry clarified there was no deal with Washington over 3rd-country deportees

JUBA: South Sudan will not accept Palestinians from Gaza, its government said Thursday, telling reporters there was also no deal with Washington to take more third-nation deportees.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said that he would permit Gazans to emigrate voluntarily, and that his government was talking to a number of potential host countries.
Among them was reportedly South Sudan, which in August welcomed Israel’s deputy foreign minister Sharren Haskel, calling it “the highest-level engagement from an Israeli official to South Sudan thus far.”
But the desperately poor country, which is itself struggling with a worrying uptick of violence, has repeatedly denied reports it would take Palestinians.
“There has never been any question that has been discussed... on the issue of Palestinians being resettled in South Sudan,” Philip Jada Natana, director general for bilateral relations, told reporters.
In a weekly briefing, foreign ministry spokesperson Apuk Ayuel Mayen also clarified there was no deal between Washington and Juba over third-country deportees — despite South Sudan accepting eight men in July.
“There is no discussions on that and there is no deal that has been signed,” she said, emphasising the recent deportation was the result of a single bilateral engagement.
The sole South Sudanese citizen in the group of deportees has been released to his family, she said.
The other seven remain in the official custody, Mayen said.
All eight were convicted of serious crimes in the US, and deported as part of President Donald Trump’s highly controversial crackdown on undocumented migrants.
Analysts and diplomats warn that South Sudan is on the brink of renewed civil war.
A previous conflict only ended in 2018, and claimed some 400,000 lives.


UAE uses Egyptian crossing to send medical supplies to Gaza hospitals

UAE uses Egyptian crossing to send medical supplies to Gaza hospitals
Updated 04 September 2025

UAE uses Egyptian crossing to send medical supplies to Gaza hospitals

UAE uses Egyptian crossing to send medical supplies to Gaza hospitals
  • Convoy consisted of 23 trucks, 16 of which carried medical supplies donated by the UAE to the World Health Organisation
  • Seven trucks delivered food supplies to address urgent nutritional needs in Gaza

LONDON: A humanitarian aid convoy from the UAE entered the Gaza Strip on Thursday through the Rafah border crossing in Egypt as part of the country’s ongoing efforts to support the Palestinian people amid the continuing Israeli attacks.

The convoy consisted of 23 trucks, 16 of which carried medical supplies donated by the UAE to the World Health Organisation for hospitals in Gaza, and contained medicines, ventilators, dialysis machines, respiratory support devices, infusion pumps, and blood glucose monitors.

The shipment included essential healthcare furnishings and equipment, such as advanced hospital beds, pediatric and neonatal beds, patient stretchers, wheelchairs, and medical crutches, along with special refrigerators for storing sensitive medicines and vaccines.

Additionally, seven trucks delivered food supplies to address the urgent nutritional needs of Palestinian families in Gaza, according to WAM, the Emirates News Agency.

The UAE is providing humanitarian assistance to the Palestinian people in Gaza through the Operation Chivalrous Knight 3 campaign, aiming to alleviate the suffering of vulnerable groups, WAM added.


Anger at fate of Istanbul’s legendary train station

Anger at fate of Istanbul’s legendary train station
Updated 04 September 2025

Anger at fate of Istanbul’s legendary train station

Anger at fate of Istanbul’s legendary train station
  • Today the tracks lie silent at what was Turkiye’s busiest station, the great eastern hub of the Berlin to Baghdad railway
  • The picturesque railway station perched right on the water was inaugurated in 1908 at the end of the Ottoman Empire as Europe’s gateway to the East

ISTANBUL: When Senay Kartal worked at Turkiye’s most beautiful railway station, her days were filled with the rumble of locomotives and the bustle of passengers at Haydarpasa on the banks of the Bosphorus.
But gone are the days when passengers from Anatolia would walk its marble halls, suitcases in hand, marvelling at the grandiose landmark on Istanbul’s Asian waterfront.
Today the tracks lie silent at what was Turkiye’s busiest station, the great eastern hub of the Berlin to Baghdad railway.
Once immortalized in old Turkish films and portrayed in numerous novels, the station has been taken over by the Turkish culture ministry which wants to transform it into an art center.
Yet for the 61-year-old retiree, who still hears the echo of whistles and the cries of simit sellers hawking their sesame-coated bread rings, the iconic building should remain a railway station.
“People would step off the train and we had waiting halls where they could stay the night — there was no need for a hotel,” recalled Kartal.
“It was such a beautiful place, there was so much movement and energy, people were full of excitement and joy. That beauty no longer exists today,” she told AFP.
“I gave 38 years of my life to Haydarpasa, and yet even to me, its doors are closed.”

-’Personal memories’-

The picturesque railway station perched right on the water was inaugurated in 1908 at the end of the Ottoman Empire as Europe’s gateway to the East.
It has witnessed some of the most turbulent and tragic moments in Turkiye’s history, surviving the collapse of empire, World War I, the deportation of the Armenians, military coups, earthquakes and a devastating fire.
“Haydarpasa has witnessed many historic events throughout its history including the influx of migrants from rural Turkiye to Istanbul,” said Ayca Yuksel, a researcher, sociologist and author of books about Haydarpasa.
“That’s why it holds a special place in the memories of people who experienced this migration. We see reflections of this in literature, art and cinema,” she told AFP.
But today it lacks the very thing that gave it life: trains.
Since 2013, Hadarpasa has been closed — initially for restoration, then by an archaeological excavation that unearthed artifacts dating back to the fifth century BC, which is still ongoing.

-’Exploiting beauty for profit’ -

Last year the station was handed over to the culture ministry, with the first phase of the new arts center to be finished next year.
That involves emptying out the entire building, even though part of the complex is still used as housing for railway staff, who have been told they must leave.
“This isn’t just a building, it’s everything to us,” said train driver Hasan Bektas, a union member who belongs to the Haydarpasa Platform — a group of academics, urban planners and railway staff who are protesting against the government’s plans.
For Bektas, it’s clear the lucrative waterside location has whetted the appetite of investors.
“Their aim has always been the same: to turn every beautiful place into profit — to strip it of value and cash in. The public’s interests were never part of the equation. That’s what we’re against,” he told AFP.
In October 2024, Culture and Tourism Minister Nuri Ersoy pledged it would continue functioning as a station.
“There will be trains... a cultural and arts center, and a public garden. But there will never be a shopping mall or hotel here,” he said.

- ‘A world-renowned icon’ -

Back in the early 2000s, there were bold plans floated for the site — it would house seven skyscrapers, a new World Trade Center, an Olympic Stadium; some even spoke of a Venice-style makeover.
“But the building itself is already a world-renowned icon. No one ever fought to keep it exactly as it was, in its original form,” said Bektas, clearly furious.
Every Sunday, protesters gather near the station shouting: “Haydarpasa is a train station and must stay that way.”
Although Nehir Guner was just a child when the station closed, the 22-year-old student would gaze at it every time she caught a ferry to university and wonder about its future, eventually joining the protests.
“Railways are so important for a city, we want this to remain a train station,” she said.
“It’s painfully clear the art center project is all for show — designed to impress, not serve any real purpose.”
Architect Gul Koksal said Haydarpasa, with its lodgings, repair workshops and nearby port, was much more than just a station and had a unique place in Turkish cultural memory.
“It’s like a jewel — but it has meaning only if it’s preserved and kept alive with everything that makes it.”